National Healthcare Agreement: PI 16–Potentially avoidable deaths, 2021

Identifying and definitional attributes
Metadata item type:	Indicator
Indicator type:	Progress measure
Short name:	PI 16–Potentially avoidable deaths, 2021
METEOR identifier:	725797
Registration status:	Health, Standard 03/07/2020
Description:	Deaths from conditions that are potentially preventable through individualised care and/or treatable through existing primary or hospital care.
Indicator set:	National Healthcare Agreement (2021) Health, Standard 19/11/2020
Outcome area:	Primary and Community Health Health, Standard 07/07/2010

Collection and usage attributes

Population group age to:

74 years

Computation description:

Deaths are defined as avoidable in the context of the present health system.

International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10, 2019 version) codes in scope are as specified below:

**Table 1: Potentially avoidable deaths International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) Codes**
Cause of death groups	ICD-10 Codes	Limits (age, sex)
Infections
Selected invasive infections	A38–A41, A46, A48.1, G00, G03, J02.0, J13–J16, J18, L03
Viral pneumonia and influenza	J10–J12
HIV/AIDS	B20–B24
Cancer
Cancer of the colon, sigmoid, rectum and anus	C18–C21, C26.0
Skin	C43, C44
Breast	C50	Female
Cervix	C53
Prostate	C61
Kidney	C64
Thyroid	C73
Hodgkin's disease	C81
Acute lymphoid leukaemia/Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	C91.0	0-44 years
Diabetes	E10–E14
Diseases of the circulatory system
Rheumatic and other valvular heart disease	I00–I09, I33–I37
Hypertensive heart and renal disease	I10–I13
Ischaemic heart disease	I20–I25
Cerebrovascular diseases	I60–I69
Heart failure	I50, I51.1, I51.2, I51.4, I51.5
Pulmonary embolism	I26
Diseases of the genitourinary system
Renal failure	N17–N19
Diseases of the respiratory system
COPD	J40–J44
Asthma	J45, J46
Diseases of the digestive system
Peptic ulcer disease	K25–K27
Maternal & infant causes
Complications of the perinatal period	P00–P96
Other conditions
Complications of pregnancy, labour or the puerperium	O00–O99
Selected external causes of morbidity and mortality
Falls	W00–W19
Fires, burns	X00–X09
Suicide and self-inflicted injuries	X60–X84, Y87.0
Misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care	Y60–Y69
Medical devices associated with adverse incidents in diagnostic and therapeutic use	Y70–Y82
Surgical and other medical procedures as the cause of abnormal reaction of the patient, or of later complication, without mention of misadventure at the time of the procedure	Y83, Y84
Other external causes of morbidity and mortality
Transport accidents	V01–V99
Exposure to inanimate mechanical forces	W20–W49
Exposure to animate mechanical forces	W50–W64
Accidental drowning and submersion	W65–W74
Other accidental threats to breathing	W75–W84
Exposure to electric current, radiation and extreme ambient air temperature and pressure	W85–W99
Contact with heat and hot substances	X10–X19
Contact with venomous animals and plants	X20–X29
Exposure to forces of nature	X30–X39
Accidental poisoning by and exposure to noxious substances	X40–X49
Overexertion, travel and privation	X50–X57
Accidental exposure to other and unspecified factors	X58,X59
Assault	X85–Y09
Event of undetermined intent	Y10–Y34
Legal interventions and operations of war	Y35, Y36
Drugs, medicaments and biological substances causing adverse effects in therapeutic use	Y40–Y59
Sequelae of external causes of morbidity and mortality	Y85, Y86, Y87.1–Y89

Rates are directly age-standardised to the 2001 Australian population.

Variability bands are to be calculated for single-year rates using the method below.

Presented per 100,000 population.

Computation:

Number

100,000 x (Numerator ÷ Denominator)

Variability bands are to be calculated for single-year rates using the following method for estimating 95% confidence intervals:

Age-standardised rate

ASR Formula

Where w_i= the proportion of the standard population in age group i

d_i=the number of deaths in age group i

n_i=the number of people in the population in age group i

Numerator:

Number of deaths of persons aged less than 75 categorised as potentially avoidable

Numerator data elements:

Data Element / Data Set

Data Element

Person—age

Data Source

ABS Causes of Death Collection

Guide for use

Data source type: Administrative by-product data

Data Element / Data Set

Data Element

Person—underlying cause of death, code (ICD-10 2016 version) ANN{.N}

Data Source

ABS Causes of Death Collection

Guide for use

Data source type: Administrative by-product data

Denominator:

Population aged less than 75

Denominator data elements:

Data Element / Data Set

Data Element

Person—projected Indigenous population of Australia, total people N[N(7)]

Data Source

ABS Indigenous estimates and projections (2016 Census-based)

Guide for use

Data source type: Census-based plus administrative by-product data

Data Element / Data Set

Data Element

Person—age, total years N[NN]

Data Source

ABS Estimated resident population (2016 Census-based)

Guide for use

Data source type: Census-based plus administrative by-product data

Data Element / Data Set

Data Element

Person—age, total years N[NN]

Data Source

ABS Indigenous estimates and projections (2016 Census-based)

Guide for use

Data source type: Census-based plus administrative by-product data

Data Element / Data Set

Data Element

Person—estimated resident population of Australia, total people N[N(7)]

Data Source

ABS Estimated resident population (2016 Census-based)

Guide for use

Data source type: Census-based plus administrative by-product data

Disaggregation:

2016, 2017, 2018 (resupplied for revision to ABS cause of death data), 2019—State and territory.

2016, 2017, 2018 (updated for revision to ABS cause of death data), 2019—Nationally, by Indigenous status (not reported).

2012–2016, 2013–2017, 2014–2018 (updated for revision to ABS cause of death data), 2015–2019—State and territory, by Indigenous status.

Some disaggregations may result in numbers too small for publication. Disaggregation by Indigenous status will be based on data only from jurisdictions for which the quality of Indigenous identification is considered acceptable—New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Northern Territory.

Disaggregation data elements:

Data Element / Data Set

Data Element

Person—Indigenous status, code N

Data Source

ABS Causes of Death Collection

Guide for use

Data source type: Administrative by-product data

Data Element / Data Set

Data Element

Person—area of usual residence, statistical area level 2 (SA2) code (ASGS 2016) N(9)

Data Source

ABS Causes of Death Collection

Guide for use

Data source type: Administrative by-product data
Used for disaggregation by state/territory

Data Element / Data Set

Data Element

Person—underlying cause of death, code (ICD-10 2016 version) ANN{.N}

Data Source

ABS Causes of Death Collection

Guide for use

Data source type: Administrative by-product data

Comments:

Most recent data available for 2021 National Healthcare Agreement performance reporting:

2019 (total population and Indigenous status at national level)
aggregated data 2015–2019 (Indigenous status).

A number of updates to the ICD-10 were applied to 2013 and subsequent years causes of death data. Details of the impact of these changes on the mortality data are described in ABS Implementation of Iris Software: Understanding Coding and Process Improvements.

Data from 2018 onwards was coded using an updated version of Iris, the automated cause of death coding software. Coding updates as a result of this process are described in Update to Iris coding software: Implementing WHO updates and improvement in coding processes.

2013 data are coded using ICD-10 (2013 version). 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 data are coded using ICD-10 (2015 version). 2018 data are coded using ICD-10 (2016 version). 2019 data are coded using ICD-10 (2019 version).

Due to the small number of Indigenous deaths reported each year, 5-year combined data will be reported for state and territory disaggregations.

Estimated Residential Population (ERP) data for the total population and the Indigenous population are sourced from ERP rebased after the 2016 Census.

Data by remoteness may be available, pending assessment of data quality.

Representational attributes

Representation class:

Rate

Data type:

Real

Unit of measure:

Person

Format:

NN[N].N

Indicator conceptual framework

Framework and dimensions:

Deaths

Data source attributes

Data sources:

Data Source

ABS Indigenous estimates and projections (2016 Census-based)

Frequency

Periodic

Data custodian

Australian Bureau of Statistics

Data Source

ABS Causes of Death Collection

Frequency

Annual

Quality statement

ABS causes of death collection, QS

Data custodian

Australian Bureau of Statistics

Data Source

ABS Estimated resident population (2016 Census-based)

Frequency

Quarterly

Data custodian

Australian Bureau of Statistics

Accountability attributes

Reporting requirements:

National Healthcare Agreement

Organisation responsible for providing data:

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).

Further data development / collection required:

Specification: Minor work required, the measure needs minor work to meet the intention of the indicator.

Source and reference attributes

Reference documents:

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2015. Causes of Death, Australia, 2013, ABS cat. no. 3303.0. Canberra: ABS. Viewed 14 May 2020, https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/3303.0
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ABS 2019. Causes of Death, Australia, 2018, ABS cat. no. 3303.0. Canberra: ABS. Viewed 15 May 2020, https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/3303.0
Main+Features12018?OpenDocument

Relational attributes

Related metadata references:

National Healthcare Agreement: PI 16–Potentially avoidable deaths, 2021

Indicator Attributes

Identifying and definitional attributes

Collection and usage attributes

Representational attributes

Indicator conceptual framework

Data source attributes

Accountability attributes

Source and reference attributes

Relational attributes

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