Clinical interventions include invasive and non-invasive procedures, and cognitive interventions.

Invasive:

(a) Therapeutic interventions where there is a disruption of the epithelial lining generally, but not exclusively, with an implied closure of an incision (e.g. operations such as cholecystectomy or administration of a chemotherapeutic drug through a vascular access device);

(b) Diagnostic interventions where an incision is required and/or a body cavity is entered (e.g. laparoscopy with/without biopsy, bone marrow aspiration).

Non-invasive:

Therapeutic or diagnostic interventions undertaken without disruption of an epithelial lining (e.g. lithotripsy, hyperbaric oxygenation; allied health interventions such as hydrotherapy; diagnostic interventions not requiring an incision or entry into a body part such as pelvic ultrasound, diagnostic imaging).

Cognitive:

An intervention which requires cognitive skills such as evaluating, advising, planning (e.g. dietary education, physiotherapy assessment, crisis intervention, bereavement counselling).